The service life of wooden sleeper in India is just about 15 years normally, which is much longer service life. The weather conditions, for example, rain, humidity, are the reason of the shorter life-span of the sleepers in India.
Wooden sleeper can be classified into two categories: durable sleeper and non-durable sleeper. Durable sleeper doesn't need any treatment and can be laid straightly on the track. In India it is from the timber such as teak timber, sal timber, nahor timber, rosewood, anjan timber, kongu timber, crumbogam kong timber, vengai timber, padauk timber, lakooch timber, wonta timber, milla timber, and crul timber. Non-durable sleeper needs treatment before the use on the track. Non-durable sleeper is made of wood such as chir, timber deodar timber, kail timber, gunjan timber, and jamun timber.
On the railroad construction, wood rail sleeper, steel rail sleeper and concrete rail sleeper are the three most common rail sleepers. Tracing the source, rail sleeper originates from wooden sleeper. In the past 100 years, wood rail sleepers are the most widely rail sleepers in railroad, especially in heavy rail and bridge rail. With the development and technical requirements of railroad construction, rail sleepers are now made of varieties materials, such as steel, concrete and rubber.
90% of rail sleepers in the world are made from wood, which damages the forest resource a lot. With the increasing awareness of the environment and the development of rail technology, we have spent the time from steel sleepers to reinforced concrete sleepers. Because of high price of steel, heavy weight and high maintenance cost, steel sleepers are not widely used. So that many countries prefer to produce and use concrete sleepers.
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